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Research Guides: Library Sources for History Majors


Information Competence

Special Databases

Primary and Secondary Sources

A primary source is:
  • An account by an eyewitness or the first recorder of an event, in written or other form, including microform and electronic reproduction. Examples are diaries, letters, minutes of meetings, news footage, newspaper articles.
  • Data obtained through original research, statistical compilations or legal requirements. Examples are reports of scientific experiments, U.S. census records, public records.
  • Creative works such as poetry, music, or art.
  • Artifacts such as stone points, pottery, furniture, and buildings.
Secondary sources are works that interpret the primary data, such as a book about eating disorders, a journal article about the role of tobacco in the colonial economy, or a critical review of a play.

Examples of Primary Sources:

  • Foreign Relations of the United States (Docs S1.1 yr. Vol.)
  • Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States (Docs AE 2.114)
  • Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents (Docs AE 2.109)
  • Speeches
  • Diaries - Search the HSU Library Catalog using the keywords diary or diaries.
  • Any poem, play, or short story.
  • Scientific research reports - Check indexes and abstracts for the field of interest to find reports of scientific research.
  • Newspaper articles about an event - Search the Journal and Newspaper Finder for a particular newspaper.

See also Research Guides: Newspapers for much more information about finding and using newspaper sources.